Understand Excavator Maintenance: Common Faults And Response Strategies! （2）

3. The working speed slows down

One of the primary causes for the decline in engine power and internal leakage within the hydraulic system of an excavator is the gradual deterioration and damage that occurs to its various parts over time. This wear and tear greatly affects the excavator's functionality and overall performance.

When an excavator's hydraulic pump, which is a plunger variable displacement pump, operates for a certain duration, it is inevitable that the internal hydraulic components will experience excessive wear and tear. This leads to issues such as internal leakage and inconsistency among different parameters, ultimately resulting in a decreased flow rate, elevated oil temperature, and slower working speed. To address these problems, it becomes necessary to undertake a comprehensive overhaul of the entire machine. During this process, the worn-out parts are repaired and replaced to restore the excavator's optimal functioning.

If your newly purchased excavator suddenly experiences a decrease in speed, it could be caused by either a circuit issue or a mechanical malfunction. To diagnose the problem, there are several steps you can take.

First, check if the circuit fuse is open or short circuited. This can be done by inspecting the fuse and testing its continuity. If the fuse is faulty, it may need to be replaced.

Next, verify if the pilot pressure is at a normal level. Lower than usual pilot pressure can indicate a problem with the hydraulic system, such as a blockage or leakage. It may be necessary to inspect the hydraulic lines and components to pinpoint the issue.

Another potential cause is a stuck servo piston in the servo control valve. This can disrupt the flow of hydraulic fluid, leading to the reduced speed of the excavator. Carefully examine the servo control valve and ensure that the piston moves freely.

Lastly, evaluate the distributor confluence for any faults. A malfunctioning distributor can disrupt the distribution of hydraulic pressure, resulting in a decrease in excavator performance. Inspect the distributor and its connections for any signs of damage or misalignment.

If the above checks do not yield a solution, it might be necessary to disassemble the hydraulic pump for further investigation. Measure the pump's data, such as pressure and flow rate, to determine if there is a problem with the pump itself.

By following these steps and thoroughly examining the various components, you can effectively diagnose and address the issue causing the excavator to slow down.

4. Jumping gear

Gear skipping can occur due to various factors, one of which is frequent gear shifting. This constant shifting can lead to the tooth end faces of meshing gears becoming worn and assuming a conical shape. Another cause of gear skipping is the weakening or breakage of the spring used for positioning and self-locking, resulting in a loss of transmission stability. Additionally, loose gear lever, longitudinal axis, horizontal axis, and vertical fixing screws can also contribute to gear skipping. It is important to address these issues to prevent transmission problems and ensure smooth gear operation.

If the excavator experiences a transmission "jumping" during operation, it is important to promptly stop the machine or continue driving cautiously while finding the root cause and resolving the issue.

If you experience a "gear jump" while driving on flat roads, it is recommended to safely park your vehicle and thoroughly examine the issue in order to identify and resolve the problem.

If you encounter a "skip gear" issue while driving uphill, you have the option to shift the gear to the low speed position or the first gear position. Once you reach the top of the slope, you can stop the vehicle and perform troubleshooting to address the problem effectively.

When driving on a downhill slope, if you encounter a "skip gear," there are several measures you can take. One option is to shift the gear to a higher speed position or perform an "emergency downshifting." Once the machine reaches the bottom of the slope, it is essential to stop and address the issue. If attempts to "upshift" or "downshift" fail or if another "skip gear" occurs, resulting in neutral gear, the driver can maintain medium engine speed to avoid stalling. To reach the bottom of the slope safely, the driver should utilize the "braking" technique to slide the machine and then proceed with troubleshooting.